The arterial supply to the transverse. These are visible during surgery. Impaction colic is when dry food gets stuck in the pelvic flexures of the large intestine, blocking the flow of the food bolus through the tract and causing an impaction. we propose to speak of colic flexures (right. Treatment for impaction colic in horsesHere mucosa lacks villi which is found in the small intestine. The transverse colon is the second major part of the colon. zone of continuity. Circular folds (plicae circulares) = in duodenum and jejunum. The large intestine or large bowel is divided into colon and rectum. Happens more than 3 days a week. There are numerous peritoneal folds around the duodenum that create potential spaces within the peritoneal cavity. cephalic flexure the curve in the mid-brain of the embryo. There are two colic flexures, or curvatures in the transverse colon. AP recumbent 3. Colic flexures; Colorectal anatomy (the splenic flexure is labeled at upper right, the hepatic flexure at upper left)At the level of the S3 vertebral body, the sigmoid colon loses its mesentery and becomes the rectum. There are a number of inconsistencies in the description of the bends of the colon down to the anus. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM R10. 83) R10. In the area of the splenic flexure, the ascending branch of the left colic artery anastomoses with the left. “However, during the first 24 to 48 hours after colic surgery, there are many factors that have to be closely monitored. Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data. Their upper jaw is a little wider than the bottom jaw to allow for complex chewing. 2) The pubic angle is 90 degrees or less in the male. Intraperitoneal. 4. The colon is the longest portion of the large intestine, and the terms are often used. During a double-contrast barium enema (BE) procedure, the fluoroscopists detects a possible defect in the right colic flexure. The large intestine comprises the cecum (appendix included), the colon, the rectum and the anal canal. This turn is known as the left colic flexure (or splenic flexure). Study Positioning 1 final ch1-3 flashcards. Anatomy of the Physical Exam; Chest. Retroperitoneal. 4. This entails ligation of ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic artery at their respective origin during extended right hemicolectomy, while for transverse colectomy this would mean ligation of the main trunk of middle colic artery. Below is a list of colic flexures words - that is, words related to colic flexures. Your colon has two flexures: one on the right side and one on the left. It is important to known that trapped gas can occur at both bends of the colon and is therefore referred to as either hepatic flexure syndrome at the right bend or splenic flexure syndrome at the left bend. These flexures and diameter shifts can be sites. 9 C15. There are two colic flexures, or curvatures in the transverse colon. Flexura coli (Latin)Introduction. 3 inches. Colic is defined as when a baby’s crying: Lasts for more than 3 hours a day. e. What does the right colic artery supply? They supply the terminal portion of the ileum, the vermiform appendix, the colon ascendens, and part of the transverse colon. 4 References. Length of the large intestine? 22 feet; 5 feet. The illustration above shows four different variations of. 2,4,5 The right colic flexures (RCF), left colic flexures (LCF) and the descending-sigmoid flexure (DSF. The ascending colon including the cecum and appendix. (C) 2 and 3 only. There are some horses with wolf teeth. The _____ is the first segment of the small intestine. The flexures are flared out as they enter the brazed joint in a quadrant-type housing, as shown in Fig. It ends by dividing into an ascending branch and a descending branch; [1] the terminal branches of the two branches go on to form anastomoses with the middle colic artery , and a sigmoid artery. In addition to pain, complications of biliary colic include acute cholecystitis, cholangitis, and pancreatitis. As you can see, the anatomy of the GI tract sets the horse up for potential colic issues. The large colon of the horse lies on the bottom and somewhat to the left in the abdominal cavity. Which. Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like transverse colon, jejunum, ileum, large intestine and rectum, superior mesenteric artery and more. Colic flexures. there are many appendices epiploices on the large intestine (except the rectum) and none on the small intestine; also known as: omental appendage: ascending colon: part of the large intestine that is continuous with the cecum proximally and the transverse colon at the right colic (hepatic) flexure: ascending colon is retroperitoneal: bare area. 2. On the one hand, from an. sigmoid colon 3. The right colic artery shows significant anatomical variation; it originates from the superior mesenteric artery in only 10%–15% of patients and more commonly arises from the middle colic artery (Hohenberger et al. See moreTransverse Colon. Left lateral decubitus 2. True. The right colic flexure or hepatic flexure (as it is next to the liver) is the sharp bend between the ascending colon and the transverse colon. colic flexures (Agur. d. Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified. Colic flexures. The ascending colon, both the hepatic and splenic flexures,. 3) and 78. In this medical problem, trapped gas builds up in the splenic flexure which is only a location, the area where the transverse colon (which more or less runs "horizontally" in the upper ab from right side of body to left side running below the lowest bilateral rib and the diaphragm) joins the descending colon which is on the left side of the. innermost layer; encircles the lumen of the tract, includes the epithelium; the lamina propria (areolar CT with blood and lymph vessels as well as glands;Moreover, there are too many synonyms, and . 2 kg/m 2. Types of Colic Colic is related to many different maladies and include the following:. The horse is a monogastric hindgut fermenter. How many total permanent teeth should an adult have, assuming none have been lost or removed? 32 There are two incisors (2I), one canine (1C), two premolars (2PM) and three molars (3M) for a total of 8 on each side of each jaw. In the last slide of the "Final Physiology Review" Powerpoint, review question #25, the two colic flexures were flipped with their corresponding alternative names. In the adult horse (500kg) the caecum is about 1 m long and has a capacity of about 30-34 liters. Additionally, there are secondary bendings between intestinal segments. Rectum. The phrenicocolic ligament attaches. There are three flexures, or U-shaped bends, in the large colon at the sternum, pelvis, and diaphragm. Its proximal two-thirds are part of the midgut, whilst the distal third is. The angle formed by the two ventral flexures, the cephalic flexure and the cervical flexure together, is a right angle in the ventral direction between the axis of the body and the axis of the brain. caudal flexure the bend at the aboral end of the embryo. What does splenic flexure mean? Information and translations of splenic flexure in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. In general, colic is defined as crying for three or more hours a day, three or more days a week, for three or more weeks. Many domesticated horse’s intake is restricted to two meals a day. Mucosa: Divided into three sub-tissues, the mucosa surface is called the epithelium, where the most colon and rectal cancers originate. The PA oblique projection, RAO position is performed primarily to demonstrate the right colic flexure. c. Impaction colic: The large intestine folds upon itself and. Nausea. 2007. Hate horses with a passion. The _____colic flexure is most superior in the abdomen. 3b. Happens more than 3 days a week. Transverse colon B. The colon in turn can be sectioned into 4 parts which turn at the colic flexures, they are – the ascending colon, then the transverse colon next is the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon. 2 Constraint-Based DesignStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What size of trocar in millimeters does the speaker/surgeon typically use for laparoscopic bowel surgery? A: 10-12 B: 11 C: 7-8 D: 3. 2) Scaphoid. The transverse colon again takes a right-angled turn just below the spleen (left colic or splenic flexure, which is attached to the diaphragm by the phrenocolic ligament) and becomes the descending (left) colon, which lies vertically in the most lateral left part of the abdominal cavity, occupying the left hypochondrium, left lumbar region, and left iliac fossa. This practice is the basis of many digestive issues we see in our equine population. is unpaired and provides blood to viscera in the caudal abdominal cavity (i. 5% of it's body weight in dry matter every day, 1. 32 ). The angles between the neighbouring parts can vary between examined subjects. 12. 2) the traverse colon including the Colic flexures and transverse Mesocolon. Cecum. The right colic flexure is also known as the hepatic flexure, and the left colic flexure is also known as the splenic flexure. A pioneering study from Griffith described that the splenic flexure is supplied by terminal branches of the left colic artery in 89% of cases and by the superior mesenteric artery through the middle colic in 11%. The one on the right, the right colic flexure is known as the hepatic flexure. The large bowel has segments that are both intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal. (Selman, p 281) The esophagus commences at about the level of A C3. 4. D. The cecum, transverse colon and most of the sigmoid colon are intraperitoneal segments. It is the most. All of the tumors were. CANCER SITE : Splenic flexure PARTS REMOVED : Terminal 6cm of ileum , ileocecal junction , ascending colon , hepatic flexure , transverse colon , Splenic flexure. Pain radiates to the back. The right colic flexure is also known as the hepatic flexure, and the. hepatic flexure and descending colon. The large intestine comprises the cecum (appendix included), the colon, the rectum and the anal canal. Some cry more than others. d. The mean(s. The proto-horse. It's held in place by the peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall, which covers it on the front and sides. PBEC veterinarian Dr Sidney Chanutin explains that 24 to 48 hours after colic surgery, there are many factors that have to be closely monitored. D. This turn is known as the right colic flexure (or hepatic flexure), and marks the start of the transverse colon. midway between the vertebral column and the lateral border of the abdomen. branch (of the ileocolic a. The top 4 are: transverse colon, liver, superior mesenteric artery and abdomen. Materials pass the cecum and then the right colic, left colic, and sigmoid flexures on their way to the rectum and anus. 1. The central ray is reversed when the patient is PA; that is, the central ray is 30° to 40° caudal with the. It is located in the right iliac fossa, where it lies on the iliacus muscle cranial to the lateral half of the inguinal ligament. sharp abdominal spasms or cramping. What does Splenic flexure mean? Information and translations of Splenic flexure in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. This arrangement entails the food making it round a number of 180 degree bends (known as “flexures”) in the intestine. The spleen is an organ located right below the rib cage at the upper left of the. Depending on the size of the horse, it can masticate its feed in a few or many jaw sweeps. It crosses the abdomen from the ascending colon at the right colic flexure (hepatic flexure) with a downward convexity to the descending colon where it curves sharply on itself beneath the lower end of the spleen forming the left colic flexure (splenic flexure). Flexures (right and left colic flexures). Happens more than 3 days a week. Owing to gravitational reasons, there is often a characteristic air–fluid interface in the descending colon when the patient is in the left lateral position. True or False. ICD-10. This entails ligation of ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic artery at their respective origin during extended right hemicolectomy, while for transverse colectomy this would mean ligation of the main trunk of middle colic artery. To deform these flexures by 0. The ascending colon lies to the right of the. Hepatic flexure syndrome is a common medical issue and it causes a variety of symptoms. Right & left colic flexures C. With this in mind, we propose to speak of colic flexures (right colic flexure = RCF = hepatic flexure, flexura coli sinistra; left colic flexure = LCF = splenic flexure, flexura coli dextra; descending-sigmoid flexure = DSF; sigmoid-rectum flexure = SRF) for the colon (colon). Persistent and inconsolable crying episodes in an otherwise healthy and well-fed infant characterize infantile colic. Connective tissue connects this part of the colon to the anterior pararenal fascia, descending part of the duodenum (D2) and head of pancreas. It is important to known that trapped gas can occur at both bends of the colon and is therefore referred to as either hepatic flexure syndrome at the right bend or splenic flexure syndrome at the left bend. - pt side down arm at the side and the side up arm on the pillow by head. Generally, transverse colon cancer (TCC) is defined as tumors located between hepatic and splenic flexure[], and is relatively rare, accounting for 10% of all colon cancers[3,4]. The horse evolved for grazing and it does so for up to 17 hours a day. There must be _____ for current to flow. Gas is a normal and healthy part of the digestion process. Typically, NDF values between 40-50% and ADF values between 30-35% are good for horses. There should never be more phosphorus than calcium in horse rations. This is historically based on the fact that anatomists saw the colon. 1 Thoracic esophagus C15. The right colic a. the sigmoid, left colic, and right colic flexures c. instruct the patient to relax the abdominal muscles to prevent intraabdominal pressure. The _____ is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal organs. at the iliac crest. On a global scale, colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in females and ranks third among males[]. A Transverse colon B Descending colon C Ascending colon D Left and right colic. Cecum, ascending colon, right colic flexure, transverse colon, left colic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus. prepare a warm barium suspension (98 to 105ºF) to aid in retention. Also known as “hepatic flexure,” right colic flexure refers to the junction of the ascending and transverse part of the large bowel that is situated anterior to the lower part of the right kidney and inferior to the right lobe of the liver. The right colic flexure is also known as the hepatic flexure, and the left colic flexure is also known as the splenic flexure. b. Skip to content. It’s about 5 inch (12. d. Peritoneal covering: • It is completely covered by peritoneum and has a mesentery called the “transverse mesocolon”. Outer Large Intestine: u000b1. cephalic flexure the curve in the mid-brain of the embryo. C. Baby colic, also known as infantile colic, is defined as episodes of crying for more than three hours a day, for more than three days a week, for three. Results: Lymphatic drainage at 60 minutes was strongly dominant in the direction of the left colic pedicle (96% of patients), with a median gamma count of 284 (interquartile range, 113-413), versus the left branch of the middle colic count of 31 (interquartile range, 15-49; p < 0. Located in the lower left abdomen. 2. 83 - other international versions of ICD-10 R10. Your colon has two flexures: one on the right side and one on the left. If a horse breaks into a feed room to consume a large amount of grain, contact your. The atlantoaxial joint between the dens of the axis and the anterior arch of the atlas is a(n) _____ joint. The predominantly soft tissue structure of the abdominal walls gives them the flexibility to adjust to the dynamics of the. 6 reported 219 patients undergoing low anterior resection for cancer with splenic flexure mobilisation in all cases. There were no failures after passing the RCF). The large bowel has segments that are both intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal. Turn your horses out as much as possible. 8. sigmoid colon. Ascending branch: courses superiorly, anterior to the left kidney and then enters the transverse mesocolon. Transverse mesocolon – a mobile structure and lies between the colic flexures (3) Left mesocolon – flattened against the posterior abdominal wall (4) Mesosigmoid – has a medial portion which is flattened against the posterior abdominal wall, whereas the region of mesentery associated with the sigmoid colon itself is mobile. Infants typically experience abdominal discomfort as a manifestation of infantile colic, which is a benign condition occurring in the second or third week of their lives. “However, during the first 24 to 48 hours after colic surgery, there are. the left colic flexure (the curve or corner) Alternate names for the two colic flexures are. “Many people do assume that after the colic surgery is successfully completed their horse is in the clear,” said Dr. The pontine flexure is located between these two flexures. cervical flexure a bend in the neural tube of the embryo at the junction of the brain and spinal cord. The one on the right, the right colic flexure is also known as the hepatic flexure. During colonoscopy, there are 2 places where difficulty can occur. This condition distresses and challenges caregivers, leading. True or False. There are many. Length: It is about 40-50 cm long. As the rectum passes in front of the sacrum, it takes a concave shape anteriorly. Moore, DVM, PhD. LAB 16 Introduction. Gross anatomy Connective tissue connects this part of the colon to the anterior pararenal fascia , descending part of the duodenum (D2) and head of pancreas . AP ERECT . form an important arterial loop of the ascending colon. 5 to 2:1. Which BE projection does not require colic flexures to be included in the image? Lateral projection. We are a group of gastro coders and was wondering if anyone has any information as to splenic and hepatic flexure polyp removal codes. The right colic a. a. Flexures Purpose: From the flip-top on a shampoo bottle to the piezo-beams on a scanning tunneling microscope, flexural bearings are one of the most widely used types of bearings. The midgut is the portion of the embryo from which most of the intestines develop. R10. The cecum, transverse colon and most of the sigmoid colon are intraperitoneal segments. About: Colic flexures. nausea. " N Z Vet J, Volume 55, Issue 1: 1–12. As wastes navigate the large intestine, which features do they pass through, in order? a. • It starts from the right colic flexure at the right lumbar region and descends down to the umbilical region. b. The right colic artery shows significant anatomical variation; it originates from the superior mesenteric artery in only 10%–15% of patients and more commonly arises from the middle colic artery (Hohenberger et al. Compare with extended right hemicolectomy, segmental colectomy only includes ligation of the middle colic vessels. Colic often begins suddenly, with loud and mostly nonstop crying. The age of the patients was 57, 68 and, 54 years, respectively, and the BMI was 26. This entails ligation of ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic artery at their respective origin during extended right hemicolectomy, while for transverse colectomy this would mean ligation of the main trunk of middle colic artery. 3 million per year []. The term "gastro" refers to the:Length of the large intestine? 22 feet; 5 feet. Many blood vessels come together at the splenic flexure, so the area is important for blood flow. there are many omental appendages on the large intestine (except the rectum) and none on the small intestine; also known as: appendix epiploica:. The splenic flexure is the bend where the transverse colon and descending colon meet in the upper left part of your abdomen. 2015;10:e0141445. . 2 Abdominal esophagusThe descending colon is normally bound retroperitoneally and is usually easy to pass except when there is an acute bend at the junction with the splenic flexure. Retroflexed views (RVs), attachments, wide‐angle observations, and other tools have therefore been developed to avoid missing blind spots, and there have been many reports on their usefulness. hepatic flexures and ascending colon 3. • It ends at the left colic flexure in the left hypochondrial region. Karanjia et al. Peritoneal covering: • It is completely covered by peritoneum and has a mesentery called the “transverse mesocolon”. Ten percent is an exceedingly high rate; however, keep in mind that the term “colic” is broadly used to describe various equine stomach ailments. Anatomical variation in the shape and position of the transverse colon can be caused by several factors including the length of the large intestine, increased mobility, the length of the transverse mesocolon, and the position and angle of the colic flexures. The mucosa provides a lubricant, which helps aid in the passage of stool through the colon. The "tapered," or "corkscrew," radiographic sign is often seen with. 0 Cervical esophagus C15. The ascending colon lies to the right of the. 6. Your colon has two flexures: one on the right side and one on the left. [2]For better oncological outcomes, extended right hemicolectomy is the preference of many surgeons for a TCC, especially for a right TCC. Immune-mediated disease (your dog’s defenses attacking its own colon) An ongoing gut infection, usually bacteria or parasites. #1. It may extend somewhat transversely across the abdomen, but more often sags centrally, frequently to subumbilical levels. is considered by the authors a tier of arches formed by the colic aa. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following muscles should be demonstrated on a properly exposed abdominal projection on an average size patient, which aspect of the small intestine is considered to be the shortest, which aspect of the large intestine is found between the left and right colic flexures and. It usually goes away on its own by age 3 to 4 months. In mammals the colon consists of following sections : 1) the ascending colon including the Cecum and Appendix. Child Doctor. See the full list. c. The one on the left, the left colic flexure is known as. How long is the Appendix. e. subclass of. The right colic flexure is also known as the hepatic flexure, and the left colic flexure is also known as the splenic flexure. angles of the right and left colic flexures. Bell, R. branch (of the ileocolic a. Splenic flexure C. The one on the left, the left colic flexure is also known as the splenic flexure. Its total length varies but is approximately 5 to 6 feet. There are five sections of the large intestine and a few landmark structures. Tinkerer [Tucker] wanted something that would be rigid. True. It’s believed that ten percent of the equine population has contracted colic during its life. In the area of the splenic flexure, the ascending branch of the left colic artery anastomoses with the left. 1 Right colic flexure. 7, and 29. Anteriorly, it usually is in contact with the anterior abdominal wall. This is historically based on the fact that anatomists saw the colon in its position in the abdominal cavity down to the pelvis and thus from the “outside” and also described it in this way. a. Left colic flexure (or splenic flexure) is the bend in the large intestine in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen as the transverse colon continues as the descending colon. A significant increase in leakage occurred if the anastomosis was made to the rectum using sigmoid colon, but no increase in leakage if the ascending left colic artery was preserved. 0 Cervical esophagus C15. we propose to speak of colic flexures (right. Synonym(s): colon transversum [TA]The splenic flexure lies at a higher level compared with the hepatic flexure (Fig. Mogg, and J. A. 9. In the anatomy of the human digestive tract, there are two colic flexures, or curvatures in the transverse colon. Abdominal and pelvic pain (R10) Colic (R10. which small bowel series mehtod injects contrast medium through an intestinal tube? True. ending of he descending colon. Background. It is relatively rare and represent only 1–8% of all colon cancers 2, 3. The colon is divided into ascending, transverse, and descending parts. The right colic flexure or hepatic flexure (as it is next to the liver) is the sharp bend between the ascending colon and the. Windows in Flexures. It was a simple creature, and in my (factual) opinion it represents the last time that the Horse lineage was untainted by sin. #1. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The right colic flexure is part of what ?, The left colic flexure is part of what ?, Where is the site of the right colic flexure ? and more. Soon after its origin it enters the transverse mesocolon, where it. 2-times greater flow to the. ভিডিও কলে বিশেষজ্ঞ চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ নিন. The right colic, or hepatic, flexure unites the ascending and transverse portions, and the transverse and descending parts form the left colic, or splenic, flexure. a. There were no mobilization-related complications such as intraoperative splenic injury. A. In these patients, the colonoscope can get lost in the long colon and the very tall or large splenic and hepatic flexures, making. Phrenico-colic ligament is a short, double-layered fold of peritoneum that extends laterally, superiorly, and posteriorly from the splenic flexure to blend with the peritoneum lining the inferior surface of the. 2 and 3. Eggs. Xu M, et al. The junction between the transverse and descending colon is often referred to as the splenic flexure. d. Transverse Colon. Thus, the ileocolic, right colic and middle colic veins accompany the corresponding arteries and drain directly into the superior mesenteric vein, while the left colic and sigmoid veins drain into the inferior mesenteric vein. Yes, even in the cold winter months! 3. This is fixed in the version that's now posted. Skin DoctorLearn with Dr. • Anatomically, the colon can be divided into four parts :– • Ascending: » Caecum , » Vermiform appendix, • Transverse , • Descending and • Sigmoid . anatomical entity. 68 SEER Summary Staging Manual - 2000 ESOPHAGUS C15. This entails ligation of ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic artery at their respective origin during extended right hemicolectomy, while for transverse colectomy this would mean ligation of the main trunk of middle colic artery. The common hepatic flexure syndrome symptoms are abdominal discomfort and gas pains. 2 Clinical significance. Chanutin. Colic flexures; Colorectal anatomy (the splenic flexure is labeled at upper right, the hepatic flexure at upper left)Pace CA. *sometimes called the "fatty apron" because of the amount of fat contained there. Feeding horses small meals often and providing energy through forage can help avoid these issues. angles of the right and left colic flexures. Use two 35 43 cm (14 17 inch) cassettes crosswise, one centered lower and the other one higher. chest pain. Transverse Colon Variation. at the midcoronal line at the level of the iliac crest. 13 The Colon Anatomy General Facts Length: approximately 1. Caudal mesenteric a. How many enema tips are there? Three. 1965; Wenk 1995; Garcia-Ruiz et al. Kingston. This turn is known as the. 0-C15. On the other hand, transverse mesocolon is a mobile structure which lies between the colic flexures. 0 references. Both colic flexures should be seen in the RAO position radiograph. 2 kg/m 2. hepatic flexures and ascending colon 3. caudal flexure the bend at the aboral end of the embryo. The descending colon lies on the posterior abdominal. Not all colic is preventable. They werenotparticularly soughtoutandwedid notgain the impression that we saw more or less such patients during this period than. We know we are lead in our ICD 10 manual to code them as part of the transverse colon under the code D12. Wahdan Lecture EnglishYou can upload the lecture from this linkare two colic flexures, or curvatures in the transverse colon. Organs that are located posteriorly to, or behind the serous lining of the abdominopelvic cavity are reffered to as: retroperitoneal. • The colon averages 150cm in length. However, they are one of the least well-understood bearings by most engineers. RAO: the ascending and descending limbs of the right colic flexure are seen with _____ superimposition when compared to the PA projection. d. Chanutin. The left colic flexure or splenic flexure (as it is close to the spleen) is the sharp bend between the transverse. Splenic FlexureGenerally, there are two main types of. The patients’ demographics and operative details are summarized in Table 1. Cecum, colon, rectum, anus. Answer: flexures. 2. It extends between the right and left colic (splenic) flexures, spanning the right hypochondriac,. Colic flexures; Colorectal anatomy (the splenic flexure is labeled at upper right, the hepatic flexure at upper left)Pace CA. Here's the ascending colon. Colic or cholic ( / ˈkɒlɪk /) [1] is a form of pain that starts and stops abruptly. left colic flexure 6. For a healthy gallbladder, incorporate these healthy fats into your diet: Avocados. As the rectum passes in front of the sacrum, it takes a concave shape anteriorly. Right dorsal displacement of the colon. The large intestine (hindgut) of the horse has three parts: caecum, colon and rectum (figure 1). Flexures- There are two colic flexures, or curvatures in the transverse colon. two abrupt bends in the large intestine. The middle colic arteries were reported to arise independently without forming a common trunk in 8.